答案与解析：
　　1． 文章标题分析：Alaska
　　2． 分析小标题被选项， 找出标题中核心词/结构
　　A. Rich resources （资源）of the state（州）
　　B. Connection （联系）with the outside（外面的）world
　　C. Transportation （交通）with the outside world
　　D．The natives （当地人）of the land 地方，陆地，地面
　　E. Cold climate（气候）
　　F. Land and population（人口）
　　C和B结构相近， 这两个选项中很可能出答案； A和D的结构也相似，这两个选项中也很可能出答案。

　　3． 直接解题：
　　A. Rich resources （资源）of the state（州）
　　B. Connection （联系）with the outside（外面的）world
　　C. Transportation （交通）with the outside world
　　D．The natives （当地人）of the land 地方，陆地，地面
　　E. Cold climate（气候）
　　F. Land and population（人口）
　　1. paragraph 3__________
　　3  Alaska is America’s largest state, but only about 325,000 people live there.  According to estimates, 800,000 hectares（公顷） of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares being cultivated.
　　1．F。 分析： 段落中出现了较多涉及具体细节信息的结构“325,000 people， 800,000 hectares（公顷） of its land area， 640,000 hectares（公顷）”（提示： 段落中的细节信息直接反映段落主题内容）， 从内容上看这些信息反映出的是“人口和土地面积”， 因此判断F是答案。  而该段段首句的内容也反映了段落主题： 该句说“阿拉斯加州是美国最大的州，但只有325，000人”， 该句在内容上也涉及到了“人”和“面积/土地”。

　　A. Rich resources （资源）of the state（州）
　　B. Connection （联系）with the outside（外面的）world
　　C. Transportation （交通）with the outside world
　　D．The natives （当地人）of the land 地方，陆地，地面
　　E. Cold climate（气候）
　　2. paragraph 4__________  
　　4  Arctic(北极的) Alaska has been the home(家园) of Eskimos（爱斯基摩人） for countless(无数的) centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia, probably crossing Bering Strait, named for Vitus Bering, the Danish sea captain who discovered（发现） Alaska on his voyage（航行）去往 for Russia in 1741. The Eskimos are the state’s earliest known inhabitants Russian fur traders established settlements but, by the time Alaska was sold to the United States, most of the traders had departed.
　　2． D．分析：段落中Eskimos（爱斯基摩人）一词反复地出现（出现了三次），因此该词为段落主题词， 因此判断D（阿拉斯加的当地人）是答案。而该段段首句的内容也反映了段落主题：该句说“北极地区的阿拉斯加州许多世纪以来一直都是爱斯基摩人的家园。”。段首句的主要内容也涉及到了“居民”。

　　A. Rich resources （资源）of the state（州）
　　B. Connection （联系）with the outside（外面的）world
　　C. Transportation （交通）with the outside world
　　E. Cold climate（气候）
　　3. paragraph 5__________  
　　5  In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousands of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike; some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again, although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor(汽车的) routes from the U.S mainland(本土), and within the state, every town has its own airfield(机场). Planes fly运送 passengers, mail and freight(货物) to the most distant(遥远的) villages.
　　3. C．分析: 该段段首句涉及到具体细节信息, 该句说“黄金在阿拉斯加州的边境上被发现”, 因此推测A(丰富的资源)可能是答案, 但是段落中没有再涉及到有关资源的任何内容, 因此排除A; 段尾句说“飞机将乘客，邮件和货物送到最偏远的村落”，这是在讲述阿拉斯加的交通和运输, 而段落中的其他地方也多处出现了涉及到交通的词语和结构: motor routes from the U.S mainland和every town has its own airfield, 因此判断C(与外界的交通)是答案.

　　A. Rich resources （资源）of the state（州）
　　B. Connection （联系）with the outside（外面的）world
　　E. Cold climate（气候）

　　4. paragraph 6__________                        
　　6  The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended, and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature, the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaskan waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $90 million. Fur-bearing(长有皮毛的) animals are plentiful in the forests and streams, and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing, the state’s chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years, Alaska’s single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal, copper(铜), gold and other minerals.
　　4. A. 分析: 段首句中提到了黄金, 而段落中也多次出现了涉及到资源的词汇和结构(The fish, Fur-bearing animals) , 段尾句说“阿拉斯加州还有丰富的煤，铜，金以及其他矿物”, 因此判断A（阿拉斯加州的丰富资源）是答案。

　　A. as fish does
　　B. because of its rich natural resources
　　C. by the United States in the 19th century
　　D. shines(照耀) day and night
　　E. only a very small percentage
　　F.  a limited amount of the gold found there
　　5. For as long as (长达...)three months of a year, the sun ____________ on the ice-covered(被冰覆盖的) land of Alaska.
　　5. D. 分析: 该空需要谓语动词，而只有D从语法上满足。

　　A. as fish does
　　B. because of its rich natural resources
　　C. by the United States in the 19th century
　　E. only a very small percentage
　　F.  a limited amount of the gold found there
　　6. According to statistics(统计数字, 统计学), ___________of the total(整个的) area of Alaska has been used for farming(耕作).
　　6． E.  分析:该空需要名词性结构，所以只有E和F 在语法上合适。从语义上说E合适。E说“只有很少的一部分”。

　　A. as fish does
　　B. because of its rich natural resources
　　C. by the United States in the 19th century
　　F.  a limited amount of the gold found there
　　7. Alaska was originally(最初) part of Russia, but was bought ____________.
　　7．C．分析: 该空前面是被动语态，后面往往是由by 引导的介词短语，引导出bought动作的执行者(19世纪被美国(购买))。

　　A. as fish does
　　B. because of its rich natural resources
　　F.  a limited amount of the gold found there
　　8. Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth ______________.
　　8．A．分析: 该空前面有as much 的结构，则暗示后面有as结构，所以A正确。也可以利用文章中的相关内容来判断答案: 利用空格前的细节信息词Gold作为答案线索, 这样在文章中找到答案相关句:
　　In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. ...
　　6 The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska 给啊拉丝加was soon ended, and although many stories about mining(采矿) camps(帐篷) have become part of  American literature(文学), the gold from Alaskan earth contributed(作出贡献, 投稿) less to economic(经济的) progress(发展) than the fish from Alaskan waters（水域）.该句说“来自阿拉斯加州地下的黄金对经济发展所作出的贡献没有来自于阿拉斯加州水域中的鱼作出的贡献大”， 借助该句句意判断A是答案。
Passage 3
　　难度A/B级
　　Caring for the old

　　The old do not have to look exclusively to the past. Relieved of some of life's responsibilities and fortified by many years of experience and knowledge, they may have a much better idea of how to spend their time enjoyably than they did in their youth. And not all enjoyment is restricted to the mental or philosophical. Healthy physical activity remains quite possible for most of us well into our later years.
　　Old people sometimes display surprising freedom and forthrightness in the expression of their thoughts and feelings, and an ability to transmit affection. It is as though some of the rituals which constrict us in earlier life fall away.
　　But a higher percentage of people suffer from emotional distress in old age than at any other time in adult life, and the gap between need and care is often filled by dubious measures, such as heavy-handed prescription of medicine. For many years it was assumed that old people were not appropriate candidates for psychotherapy. But a few clinicians have risen to the challenge and discovered that individual and group psychotherapy is just as effective with the old as with the young.
　　It is easy to understand why an earthquake causes terror. Yet in old age there may be terror of a very private nature, a sense of disintegration sometimes stemming from inner conflicts, sometimes from a premonition of death or the fear of becoming dependent.
　　Dependency is a grim choice: insecurity and deprivation must be weighed against loss of autonomy and integrity. But if there is nothing shameful about the dependency of a baby or a young child, there should be nothing shameful about the dependencies natural with old age and diminishing physical resources.
　　The complexity and impersonality of the bureaucratic establishments, which have the means to provide help, are often threatening to old people. The younger generation today, on the other hand, will have had many decades to interact with "the system" by the time they reach old age.
　　Many of us, including healthcare providers, assume that we know what old people and dying people want, but our assumptions are often a reflections of our won thoughts and feelings based on personal interpretations of scanty bits of observation.  Such assumptions are really an excuse to avoid close contact with the terminally ill. Assuming we "know" what they want, we observe ourselves from being with them, and sharing their thoughts about the end of life.
　　We sometimes assume, wrongly, that old people are too confused or senile to be aware of the nearness of death. In consequence, communication between a dying and others is subject to extraordinary omissions and distortions. "Protecting" the dying from knowledge of their condition often serves to protect us from the uncomfortable prospect of talking about dying and death. Evasions like this only lead to increasing isolation at a time when emotional honesty and understanding are most needed.

　　1.paragraph 1___________.
　　2.paragraph 2___________.
　　3.paragraph 3___________.
　　4.paragraph 5___________.

　　A. Knowing better how to enjoy life
　　B. Freedom in expression
　　C. Psychotherapy effective with some of the old
　　D. Period of greater emotional distress
　　E. Dependency: a grim choice
　　F. Guiltiness: dependency

　　5. Old people may well be active in____.
　　6. Old people sometimes know better___.
　　7. It is a natural thing ___.
　　8. We often think that we know the feeling of a dying person, ___

　　A. how to show love to others
　　B. how to show anger to others
　　C. yet we know we are wrong
　　D. various kinds of sports
　　E. but we are often wrong
　　F. that old people depend on others   

　　Passage 4



　　难度A/B级
　　Earthquake Prediction

　　Can earthquakes be predicted? Scientists are working on programs to predict where and when an earthquake will occur. They hope to develop an early warning system that can be used to forecast earthquakes so that lives can be saved.
　　How do earthquakes occur? Earthquakes are caused by the shifting of rocks along cracks, or faults（断层）, in the earth's crust（地壳）. The fault is produced when rocks near each other are pulled in different directions. The best-known fault in North America is the San Andreas fault in the state of California in the United States.
　　The nations that are actively involved in earthquake prediction programs include Japan, China, Russia, and the United States. These countries have set up seismic（地震的） networks in areas of their countries where earthquakes are known to occur. These networks are on the alert（处于警戒状态） for warning signs that show the weakening of rock layers that can precede an earthquake. Many kinds of seismic instrument are used by the networks to monitor the movements of the earth's crust. The scientists also check water in deep walls. They watch for changes in the water level and temperature that are associated with movement along faults.
　　Radon is a gas that comes from the radioactive decay（衰减） of radium（镭） in rocks. The gas flows through the ground and dissolves（溶解） in underground streams and walls.
　　Earthquake prediction is still a young science. Everyone agrees that earthquakes cannot be predicted with any reliability. Scientists have only a partial understanding of the physical processes that cause earthquakes. Much more research has to be done. New and more up-to-date methods have to be found for collecting earthquake data and analyzing it. However, scientists have had some success in predicting earthquakes. Several small earthquakes were predicted in New York State, in the eastern part of the United States. Chinese scientists predicted a major one in Haicheng in l975, and Russian scientists predicted a major one in Garm in l978, while this is a small start, it is still a beginning.

　　1、Paragraph 1____
　　2、Paragraph 2____
　　3、Paragraph 3____
　　4、Paragraph 5____
　　A、Establishment of worldwide seismic networks
　　B、Causes of earthquakes
　　C、Results of earthquakes
　　D、Hope of predicting earthquakes
　　E、Immature methods of predicting earthquakes
　　F、Perfection of prediction

　　5、Earthquakes occur when____
　　6、Many kinds of seismic instruments are used by the network so that  ____.
　　7、It's necessary for scientists to collect more data to prove that____
　　8、While they have only a partial understanding of the physical processes that cause earthquakes , ____.

　　A、continuous observation can be made of the movements of the earth’s crust
　　B、rocks shift along cracks or faults in the earth’s crust
　　C、 it is important to develop an warning system
　　D、 scientists have successfully forecasted some earthquakes
　　E、radon levels in water have something to do with the occurrence of an earthquake
　　F、earthquake prediction is still a young science

在线作业3、4参考答案

　　Caring for the old
　　1. A. 第1段说明人近黄昏，更加知道如何享受人生。
　　2. B. 本段第2句说明老年人表达他们的各种情绪时没有年轻时的各种顾忌。
　　3. C. 选项D只概括了本段一个方面的内容，不全面。
　　4. F. 本段说明老年人对别人的依赖是理所当然的， 没有什么不对。选项E虽然是本段的第1句话，但其表达的不是本段的中心思想。

　　5. D. 答案在第一段的最后一句。
　　6. A. 第2段的第1句说明了老年人传达感情的能力。
　　7. F. 答案的根据与第4题一致。
　　8. E. 答案相关句在第7段的第一句（我们中的许多人，包括卫生工作者，自以为了解老年人和垂死的人的想法，但我们的假设往往是基于片面观察的个人诠释并带有个人思想感情的反映。）

　　Earthquake Prediction
　　1. D。该段似乎没有明显的主题句。比较该段中词语的特点和小标题备选项：我们不难发现该段和备选项D中都有hope 一词，而以“人们对预测地震的希望”开始全文是很和文章的逻辑， 所以确认答案为D。
　　2. B。 第二段首句其实就是该段的大意， 即地震的成因。而该段中的核心词：occur, cause, produce都与B中的cause相呼应，所以我们确认答案为B。
　　3. A。 A中的seismic networks（地震监测网络）出现在该段中，且段落中主要谈到了科学家利用地震监测网络来监测地震。
　　4. E。 第五段首句讲，地震预测是一门年轻的科学，也就是说预测方法发展还不成熟。而从E中的immature对应该段中的 young，我们也能确认答案。

　　5. B。文章第二段第一行earthquakes are caused by shifts of rocks along cracks or faults in the earth’s crust正是此句的对应句，只是讲句子结构改变而已。
　　6. A。从语义上比较A（持续地观察地壳的运动）合适。
　　7. E。从文章第四段可知地下水中radon的含量预示着地震的到来，也就是说两者之间有联系。
　　8. D。借助原文：看最后一段，该段说虽然我们的预测方法还不成熟，但科学家仍成功预测了许多地震， 所以答案选D。