Passage 2：Sleepwalking
Not all sleep is the same every night. We experience some deep, quiet sleep and some active sleep, which is when dreams happen. You might think sleepwalking would happen during active sleep, but a person isn’t physically active during active sleep. Sleepwalking usually happens in the first few hours of sleep in the stage called slow-wave or deep sleep.
Now all sleepwalkers actually walk. Some simply sit up or stand in bed or act like they’re awake when in fact, they’re sleep! Most, however, do get up and move around for a few seconds or for as long as half an hour.
Sleepwalkers’ eyes are open, but they don’t see the same way they do when they’re awake and often think they’re in different rooms of the house or different places altogether. Sleepwalkers tend to go back to bed on their own and they won’t remember it in the morning.
Researchers estimated that about 15% of kids sleepwalk regularly. Sleepwalking may run in families and sometimes occurs when a person is sick, has a fever, is not getting enough sleep, or is stressed.
If sleepwalking occurs frequently, every night or so, it’s a good idea for your mom or dad to take you to see your doctor. But occasional sleepwalking generally isn’t something to worry about, although it may look funny or even scary for the people who see a sleepwalker in action.
Although occasional sleepwalking isn’t a big deal, it’s important, of course, that the person is kept safe, precautions should be taken so the person is less likely to fall down, run into something, or walk out the front door while sleepwalking.
1. Sleepwalking usually occurs ___.
A. during deep sleep
B. during active sleep
C. during dreams
D. during quiet hours
2. Which is true of most sleepwalkers?
A. they simply sit up
B. they simply stand in bed
C. they act like they’re awake when asleep
D. they get up and walk for some time
3. Sleepwalkers usually go back to bed ___.
A. after waking up
B. after being woken up
C. by themselves
D. with the help of others
4. You’d better go and see a doctor if you ___.
A come across sleepwalking often
B have never experienced sleepwalking
C sleepwalk occasionally
D sleepwalk frequently
5. Precautions should be taken to ___.
A. prevent people from sleepwalking
B. keep sleepwalkers safe
C. avoid running into sleepwalkers
D. ensure the safety of people asleep
答案与解析：
1． 文章标题分析：Sleepwalking梦游病
文章将围绕梦游病进行介绍， 可能会在内容上涉及到造成梦游病的病因，梦游病的病症表现，以及治疗梦游病的方法。
2． 直接解题：
1 Sleepwalking usually occurs ___.
A during deep sleep
B during active sleep
C during dreams
D during quiet hours
1． A。 分析： 问题问“梦游病通常在什么时候发生？”被选项中有两个选项涉及到sleep（睡眠），所以首先利用sleep和问题句中的核心词Sleepwalking共同作为答案线索， 这样找到答案相关句：
（第一段）Not all sleep is the same every night. We experience some deep, quiet sleep and some active sleep, which is when dreams happen. 这两个句子中都没有出现“Sleepwalking” ， 所以暂时不看。 下面的两个句子中两个线索词都出现了， 所以重点关注： You might think sleepwalking would happen during active sleep, but a person isn’t physically active during active sleep. 该句说“你可能认为梦游发生在睡眠活跃的阶段， 但是处于睡眠活跃阶段时， 人的身体并不活跃”。该句暗示B很可能不是答案。接着看下面的句子： Sleepwalking usually happens in the first few hours of sleep in the stage called slow-wave or deep sleep.该句说“梦游病通常发生在被称为慢波睡眠或深层睡眠阶段的前几个小时内”， 因此判断A是答案。
语法考点： 考察起定语作用的过去分词结构。
2． Which is true of most sleepwalkers?
A they simply sit up
B they simply stand in bed
C they act like they’re awake when asleep
D they get up and walk for some time
2． D。分析： 问题问“有关大多数的梦游病患者的说法下列哪一种是正确的？”题干中出现了修饰词most，可以利用这个词作为答案线索，同时注意到被选项都涉及到描述具体动作的行为动词/动词短语， 因此重点关注文章中出现动作描述的句子， 这样找到答案相关句：
（第2段）Now all sleepwalkers actually walk. Some simply sit up or stand in bed or act like they’re awake when in fact, they’re sleep! Most, however, do get up and move around for a few seconds or for as long as half an hour. 该句中出现了most， 而且还出现了具体的行为动词， 因此判断该句很可能就是直接答案相关句。该句说“然而大多数人的确会起床下地行走几秒钟， 有的甚至达到半个小时”，代词most与前句中的代词 some 指代同类人, 它们都指代前面的sleepwalkers, 因此判断D是答案。
考点：考察代词的指代内容。
3． Sleepwalkers usually go back to bed ___.
A after waking up
B after being woken up
C by themselves
D with the help of others
3． C. 分析：问题说“梦游病患者通常返回到床上___.”被选项中有两个选项（A和B）是结构相似的时间状语结构，而C和D都是表示“方式”的状语结构， 因此推断A和B中可能出答案； C和D中可能出答案。 利用题干中的核心结构“go back to bed”作为答案线索， 同时关注文章中出现的时间和方式状语结构，这样找到答案相关句：
(第3段)….Sleepwalkers tend to go back to bed on their own and they won’t remember it in the morning.该句中出现了“go back to bed”, 而且还出现了方式状语结构on their own, 因此判断该句很可能就是直接答案相关句. 该句说“梦游病患者往往（与问题句中的“usually”呼应）自己回到床上，而他们在早晨却并不记得他们在夜里梦游的事情”， 因此判断C是答案。
考点： 考察近义短语结构： by oneself = for oneself = on one’s own 独自地， 凭自己力量
4． You’d better go and see a doctor if you ___.
A come across sleepwalking often
B have never experienced sleepwalking
C sleepwalk occasionally
D sleepwalk frequently
4. D.分析: 问题说“如果…, 你最好去看医生.”该题可以借助常识直接判断D（经常性地梦游）是答案。该题也可以借助文章中相关句来判断答案， 利用问题句中出现的新信息结构（核心结构）“go and see a doctor”作为答案线索， 这样找到答案相关句：
（第5段）If sleepwalking occurs frequently, every night or so, it’s a good idea for your mom or dad to take you to see your doctor. 该句说“如果梦游发生频繁，比如大约每晚都发生， 你应该让你的爸爸或妈妈带你去看医生。”， 因此判断D是答案。
考点： 形式主语所在的句子结构。
5． Precautions should be taken to ___.
A prevent people from sleepwalking
B keep sleepwalkers safe
C avoid running into sleepwalkers
D ensure the safety of people asleep/ who is asleep/ sleeping people
5． B. 分析： 问题句说“应该采取预防措施从而…”.(take –adopt采取). 该题可以借助常识判断B(使梦游者安全)是答案. 也可以借助文章中的相关语句判断答案: 利用问题句中出现的核心词(主语) Precautions作为答案线索, 这样找到答案相关句: Although occasional sleepwalking isn’t a big deal, it’s important, of course, that the person is kept safe, precautions should be taken so the person is less likely to fall down, run into something, or walk out the front door while sleepwalking.该句中的划线结构说“应该采取预防措施， 这样当梦游病患者在梦游的时候就不会跌倒， 撞到什么东西上，或走出大门外。”， 根据部分内容判断B是答案。
考点： 考察考生的推断能力
l 核心词汇推荐:
age n. 年龄 v. 变老（at the age of…/ 时年..岁; be of age(= come of age/)成年 ；
ago adv. 以前，以往(long long ago很久很久以前, two days ago/两天前)；
agree v. 一致, 相合, 同意 （agree on…/对…意见一致; agree with sb. /同意某人的话; agree to do sth. 同意做… ）；
agreement n. 一致, 同意, 协议（in agreement with .../ 和..一致）；
agriculture n.农业
ahead adv.在前, 向前, 提前（ ahead of…/在…之前；超过）；
aid v. 帮助, 援助 n. 帮助, 支援（aid sb. in sth./ 帮助某人做。。）；(aid – help帮助; aid –device辅助设备)
aim v. (常与at连用）瞄准, 对准, 以…为目标n. 瞄准；目标（aim to do sth./ 致力于做。。;aim at doing sth./ sth. / 致力于做…） ；
air n. 空气, 天空（fresh air /新鲜空气; by air /乘飞机）；
airplane n. 飞机；
airport n.航空站,机场 ；
alarm n. 惊恐，担忧，报警器， 闹钟，警报v. 使担心，使惊恐
alcohol n. 酒精；
alike adj. [常作表语]同样的, 相似的(look alike/看起来相似)
alive adj. 活的，活着的（ keep sth alive/ 让。。仍然活着 ）；(比较: alive(活的)不能作定语, 只能作表语和补语; living(活的) 可以作定语, 如: a living scientist 一位仍然还在世的科学家)
all adj. 所有的, 全部的pron.全体, 全部, （与of连用）整体；全部（in all/总计; above all/首先，尤其是, all over/到处，遍及, after all/终究，毕竟, at all/完全， 根本， 究竟; after all/虽然这样， 毕竟）；
allow v. 允许，准许, 给予 （allow sb. to do sth./允许某人做。。）(allow –permit允许)
almost adv. 几乎；(almost –nearly几乎,差不多)
alone adj. [只作表语] 单独的; 孤独的（be alone/独自一人， leave sb. alone/让某人独自呆一会）(比较: lonely(孤独的)可以用作表语)
along prep. 沿着（walk along the river/沿着河走; all along/始终；一直 ; along with/与…一道）；
aloud adv. 高声地，响亮地 (aloud –loudly高声地)
already adv. [表示现在或过去某时已发生的事实] 已经
also adv. 也, 同样, 而且（not only..but also...或 not only...but../不仅..而且…）； (also –too –as well也)
alter v. 变更；改变，改换 (alter –change改变)
alternative n. 两者择一, 替换物， adj. 两者择一的,交替的；
although adv. 尽管，虽然； (although – though 虽然)
always adv. 总是；
a.m. adv. 上午
amaze v. 使惊奇；使吃惊（be amazed at sth. /对...感到惊奇）；(amazed –surprised – astonished 感到惊讶的 )
amazing adj. 令人吃惊的 (amazing – surprising – astonishing 令人吃惊的)
ambition n. 野心, 雄心, 抱负；
ambitious adj. 野心勃勃的，渴望的
