例题解析:
Friends may be key to living longer
词汇：
key n. 钥匙,答案, 关键
e.g. We have a key for the door of the house 我们有房间门的钥匙
e.g. a key to the grammar exercises语法练习答案
1． Looking for the secret of a long life?
词汇：
Look for: 寻找
Look at: 看, 考虑,
look after: 照料
look down on: 轻视，看不起
look forward to: 盼望；期待：
look up to: 尊敬
secret n. 秘密, 秘诀, 奥秘(secret – mystery奥秘)
2． look closely at your friends. 密切地
词汇：
closely: adv.接近地, 密切地, 紧密地
e.g. The two things are closely interconnected.
这两个事物是相互紧密地联系在一起的
3． New research suggests that having a strong network of friends helps people live longer.
词汇：
suggest： v. （常与that连用）提出；建议(advise – propose - suggest), 暗示 (suggest - imply)；
e.g. I suggested that it would be quicker to travel by train.
我建议说坐火车旅行要快一些。
help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做…
语法结构：
suggests that having a strong network of friends helps people live longer
（that引导的宾语从句）
e.g. He said that he would come.他说他要来。
比较：
e.g. Did you see the letter that I wrote to him? 你看到我寄给他的信了吗？（that引导的定语从句结构）
having a strong network of friends helps people live longer （动名词结构作主语）
e.g. Supporting his family seemed to be more difficult.
比较：
e.g. Having seen the film before, he decided to stay at home.（现在分词结构作原因状语）
1. A) die B) live C) work D) stay
2. A) stronger B) larger C) poorer D) newer
“Older people with better social networks of friends were less likely to __1__ over a 10-year follow-up （后续的）period than older people with __2__ friends networks, ”Lynne C. Ciles of Flinders University in Australia Told Reuters Health.
1．A。 分析：被选项A 和B是正反义项， 所以首先重点注意。（提示：答案常常出自有关系的选项中）空格所在的局部结构（Older people with better social networks of friends were less likely to __1__ over a 10-year follow-up （继续的）period than older people…）说“同…的老人相比，有着更好的社交网络群体的老人更不可能在接下来的十年中…”, 结合文章主题(朋友能有助于长寿)判断A(死去) 是答案。
die vi. 死；死亡
die away逐渐停止，逐渐消失
die out 灭绝
(die - pass away – perish(A级) 死亡，灭亡)
live adj. 活的,实况转播的； vi.活着, 生活, 居住， （与on连用）靠…生活
vt.过着…的生活
e.g."When people live together, rules are always necessary.""当人们生活在一起时,总需要规定一些制度。
e.g.They used to live on a diet of wild animals.他们过去用野生动物作为主食。
work n. 工作, 职业,作品; v.(使)工作, (使)运转, 起作用
e.g.My work is as a doctor.我当医生。
e.g.Shakespeare's works莎士比亚著作
e.g.work in a factory在一家工厂工作
e.g.work for/ with a company
work out算出（总数）
stay v. 停留, 保持, 逗留； n.逗留
e.g.He stayed with his father while he was ill.当他生病时，他和父亲待在一块儿。
e.g."How can you stay so cool after such a hot argument?"
"这样一场激烈的争论过后,你怎么还能保持如此冷静?"
be likely to do sth. 可能…
(likely – possible – probable 可能的)
with prep. 有
e.g.People with creativity are seldom found nowadays. 现时很少能找到有创造性的人。
e.g. a coat with four pockets
比较：
e.g. to live with one's parents 和父母同住
e.g. He opened the door with his key. 他用钥匙开了门。
e.g. Are you with me or against me in this matter? 对于这件事，你是赞成还是反对我？
2. C。 分析：空格位于一个比较结构中（提示：比较的对象应该是than前后结构中出现的对称词语/结构），than 的前后“Older people with better social networks of friends”和“older people with __2__ friends networks”形成对比结构，than前面的结构出现了better， 被选项中能与之形成对比的是C（poorer 较差的）
语法结构：
Older people with better social networks of friends were less likely to die over a 10-year follow-up period than older people with __2__ friends networks (比较状语从句)
more …than…比…更…/ less… than..比..更不…
e.g.He is more intelligent than his brother.他比他哥哥更聪明。
e.g.I like football more than swimming.我喜爱足球胜过游泳。
e.g. He is less hardworking than his brother.
比较下面的句子：
e.g. I know you better than he.
e.g. I know you better than him.
3. A) which B) whom C) who D) those
4. A) to B) at C) on D) by
But in what may come as a surprising finding to older people __3__ rely on their children and other relatives, having a large network of relatives was not associated with longer life, according __4__ Giles and her colleagues.
3. C。 分析：除了D（可作为代词和形容词）以外，前三个被选项都可以用作连词，所以推测答案可能出自前三个选项中，而且B 和C在指代内容上相关 （都可以指代人，但是whom是宾格，who是主格）， 因此再重点注意B 和C。注意空格所在的局部结构（__3__ rely on their children …）: 空格后面出现了作谓语结构,因此空格处需要主语, 因此判断C 最可能是答案. 实际上空格3所在的结构是who引导定语从句,修饰前面的名词older people.
4. 分析: according to (根据（某人的说法）)是固定搭配结构。
词汇
according to prep. 跟据；按照
e.g. According to my watch it is 10 o'clock. 按我的表是10点钟。
as:prep.作为
e.g. He works as a driver. 他以开汽车为业。
e.g. The cat uses that box as a bed.那只猫把那盒子当作床。
surprising: adj.令人惊讶的(surprising – astonishing – shocking令人惊讶的)
比较：
surprised感到惊讶的 (surprised – astonished – shocked 感到惊讶的 )
finding: n. 调查结果
rely on: 依赖, 依靠 (= depend on = be dependent on )
be associated with: …与…相关
colleague:n. 同事
语法结构：
But in what may come as a surprising finding to older people who rely on their children and other relatives (what引导的宾语从句)
what: 的，的东西/事情
e.g. Everyone should do what he thinks right.每个人都应该做自己认为是正确的事。
e.g. I believed what she told me. 我相信她和我说的事情。
in: 关于
weak in judgment 判断力差
But in what may come as a surprising finding to older people who rely on their children and other relatives （who 引导的定语从句）
who: …的（人）
e.g. The man who lives in that house is my uncle.住在那座房子里的人是我叔叔。
（在书面语中，说明逗号前的词）翻译成“他，她，他们”
e.g. George, who lives in Scotland, came late.
乔治，他住在苏格兰，来晚了。
5. A) friends B) people C) partners D) children
“Of course, that is not to say that social networks with __5__ and other relatives are not important in many other ways, ”Giles said.
5．D． 分析：该题考查体现前后句意关联词/结构。前句中已经提到了their children and other relatives， 因此判断空格处应该出现children（孩子）。
词汇：
of course adv. 当然
important adj. 重要的；重大的 （important – essential – fundamental重要的, 根本的）
important decisions 重要的决定
many other 其他许多的
in …way 在…方面
6. A) are B) is C) was D) were
Study after study has shown that elderly people who __6__ connected with lots of people tend to live longer lives.
6．A． 分析：该题是典型的时态题。空格所在句子的主干结构是：“Study after study has shown that…(一项又一项的研究已经表明…)”, 根据这个内容来看, 空格处的从句结构将讲述一个客观的事实,因此判断空格处应该出现一般现在时态的结构,而who指代的是elderly people(老人), 因此答案应该是A.
词汇:
Study after study 一项又一项的研究
比较:
one after another adv. 接连地
one after the other adv. 相继地
door-to-door adj./adv.挨户访问的, 按户达的
step by step adv. 逐步地
hand in hand adv.手拉手, 联合
elderly: adj. 较老的
to be getting elderly年纪渐老
be connected with v. 与…有联系/关系
tend to：往往
7. A) Once B) However C）Further D）Moreover
8．A）older B) richer C）other D) some
__7__, few studies have examined whether different types of relationships – with friends, partners, children, and __8 __ relatives – have different effects on longevity（寿命）.
7. B. 分析: A, B 和D都是涉及句意之间逻辑关系的词，因此首先重点关注。空格7所在的句子的主干结构是：“few studies have examined whether…（很少有研究对是否…进行了调查）”， 显然前后句之间在句意上形成了对比关系（转折）（前句中提到“大量的研究已经表明”，而该句说“很少有研究对是否…进行了调查”），因此判断B（然而）是答案。
词汇：
once adv.一次，一回，从前； 曾经， conj.一旦；一…就…
e.g.I go to see a film once a week.我每周看一场电影。
e.g."Attention please, I'll repeat the question once more."
请注意我把问题再重复一遍。
e.g.She once knew him. 她以前认识他。
e.g.Once he arrives we can start.他一到我们就可以动身。
e.g.Once printed, this dictionary will be very popular!
一旦出版，这本词典将会非常畅销！
all at once 突然, 忽然
at once 马上，立刻
once or twice几次；一两次
once upon a time从前
however adv. 无论如何；不论到什么程度，不过；然而 (however - nevertheless然而)
e.g.He can answer the question however hard it is.不管问题有多难他都能回答。
e.g.He hasn't arrived. He may, however, come later.他还未到，不过，他可能过一会儿来。
further adj.更远的, 更多的vt.促进adv.更进一步地, 更远地
e.g.I have nothing further to say.我没有别的话要说了。
moreover: adv.而且；此外 (more –besides- furthermore而且)
e.g. I don't like skating; moreover, the ice is too thin.
我不喜欢溜冰，而且冰也太薄。
8．C． 该题考查上下文用词。前文中出现过“children and other relatives”， 因此该空格处还是选择other.
词汇：
have effect on…对…有影响(= have an impact on; = have influence on; = affect)
语法结构：
few studies have examined whether different types of relationships – with friends, partners, children, and other relatives – have different effects on longevity（寿命） (whether 引导的宾语从句)
whether conj.是否
e.g.He asked me whether she was coming.他问我，她来还是不来。
e.g.Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.
足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。
比较：
e.g.I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home.（无论…还是）
不论你来还是留在家中，我都要去。
