前言
Ø阅读理解出题特点：
以2002年和2003年理工A/B阅读理解题的出题特点进行比较：
2002年理工B阅读理解题：
A Thirsty World
Nonverbal Thinking in Engineering *(补全短文部分练习题)
Black Holes
About computer: computers, live with computer, Electronic Mail, Hacking
2003年理工B阅读理解题：
New Foods and The New World *(阅读理解部分练习题)
Please fasten your seatbelts*(阅读理解部分练习题)
“Salty” rice plant boosts harvest
Attached materials:
From A Thirsty World
主题理解---The world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earth’s surface is covered with water…
语言特点：句子结构较简单，多为简单句或简单复合句。
From “Salty” rice plant boosts harvest
主题理解--- British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.
语言特点：多为简单句或简单复合句，但是文章中也出现了一定数量的结构较为复杂的句子，如：Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.
2002年理工A阅读理解题：
valuing childhood
Hacking *(阅读理解部分练习题)
Space-Age Archeology
2003年理工A阅读理解题：
“Salty” rice plant boosts harvest
Living with computer *(阅读理解部分练习题)
The body clock
From Valuing Childhood
主题理解---The value of childhood is easily blurred（变得模糊不清楚） in today’s world. Consider some recent developments: the child-murderers in ., schoolyard shooting case..
语言特点：句子结构较简单，多为简单句或简单复合句。但是由于文章主题的原因，有些句子并不太容易理解，这些句子句意的理解可能需要借助上下文，如：
(Despite horror at what was done, children are not – cannot be –dealt with as adults, not if a people wants to consider itself civilized.) That’s why politicians’ cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point.
补充：
beside the point adv.离题, 不中肯
to the point adv.中肯, 切中要点
可以看出：理工AB级阅读理解考题中，所选择的文章主题基本上都与科技有关，也可能涉及其他类的主题，如自然地理，社会文化等。文章主题较容易理解。通常会有1篇左右的文章是直接选择当年的职称英语用书上阅读理解部分的文章，但其文章后的问题通常会有变动。
阅读理解解题思路分析：
阅读理解是职称英语考试中重点考察的对象，本部分为3篇文章，每篇300-450词，主要考察考生对文章中心和细节信息的理解能力。阅读理解也是对解题技巧的测试。做题时可行的方法是：先看文章题目（title），然后是看文章后面的问题（problems），最后才是文章（main body）。 在阅读文章时应该注意进行有目的的阅读：在阅读中跳过（skip over）不相关的信息（information unconcerned），节约时间直达问题的答案。
在阅读中还应关注段首句：如果所要阅读的文章是议论文或说明文，则段首句往往是主题句 -- 该段论述/说明中心，因此主题句有助于迅速的查找问题答案。
对于文章后面的问题：有关细节方面的问题的设置基本上是按照文章的发展顺序，即：通常第二题答案的位置通常在第一题答案所在位置的后面，所以如果第一题答案在第一段，则第二题答案可能在第二段或第三段中；所以可按照问题设置的顺序在对应的相关段进行答案查找。同时对于有关文章主题方面的问题，可以放在最后来处理，或借助文章的开头，结尾，及文章各段的段首句综合加以判断。
在寻找答案时可以采用通过所问问题中的关键词（题干中核心结构中（主语/谓语/宾语）的用词和修饰语（起修饰作用的形容词/副词））和/或特征词（题干中出现的时间，数字，人名，地名等容易在文章中进行查找和确认的词汇/结构）进行答案的查找。
快速而正确地解读阅读理解的主要关键在于：1. 准确而迅速地读懂文章后面的问题，尤其问题的含意是肯定还是否定的，一定要弄清楚； 2. 解读阅读理解答案位置的快速确定；3. 在选择答案时排除法的运用；4.识别答案陷阱；
本讲教学目的
通过具体例题的分析讲解，向考生介绍有效的阅读理解题的解题方法，同时借助文章进行英语语法和词汇的复习。
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例题讲解
下面有2篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Passage 1
Computers in Cars
You’re far from home on a lonely road. Shadowy forests stretch away on both sides. A thick mist (雾) makes it difficult to see far beyond your car’s windshield (挡风玻璃).
“Can this be route 90A?” you wonder. If it is, you should be near a town. Yet there’s no hint of one. Night is closing in. and you’re low on gasoline.
This is a situation where an in-car computer that can navigate would be a big help.
A car computer that navigates? Yes! Such computers exists. Several experimental models are being tested by General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, and several foreign car markets. These computers vary in details. But they all contain series of maps on Vediodiscs or videotapes. For example, one computer system contains 13,300 maps covering the continental US.
Before starting out on a trip, a driver can type in the code for the region he or she plans to drive through. The computer then shows a map of that region. At the same time, a tiny radio receiver linked to the computer goes to work. It picks up signals from navigation satellites such as the NAVSTAR network. Using these signals, the computer shows a the car’s position at all times and displays this position on the map. The computer can also calculate and display the best route to follow.
A navigation computer may also receive and use data about road construction, weather conditions, and traffic jams. This information would be displayed to the driver and the computer would also use the information to work out alternate (交替的) routes.
Most cars nowadays also contain computers that help cars run more efficiently. Microprocessors (微处理机的) control certain engine functions by regulating the mixing of fuel. Data on car speed, oil pressure, revolutions per minute, engine temperature, and fuel level can be displayed as digital data (numbers) or warming lights.
Some auto designers suggest that a central computer display can be used to clearly present such timely information as car speed and fuel level. Warning lights would indicate a drop in oil pressure or a sudden rise in engine temperature. To get more information on these conditions, the driver would call it up on the computer display screen. When needed, the computer could be “asked” to provide navigation aid or information about the car’s condition.
1．By describing a typical situation of a lost driver on the road, the author intend to ____.
A. make us believe how complex the highway computer network is.
B. let us know how in-ca computers are linked to road signs
C. show us how helpful a navigation computer would be
D. tell us that NAVSTAR has come into use.
2. The word “ navigate” in Paragraph 3 means ___.
A. help one control the traffic
B. help one find one’s way
C. give a ship correct information about its course
D. direct a plane to its destination
3. The navigation computers have one thing in common: they all ___.
A. contain series of maps on videodiscs or videotapes
B. contain 13,300 maps covering the continental US
C. can be obtained free of charge
D. cost a lot of money
4. Without signals from navigation satellites, the in-car computer ___.
A. would still be able to locate the car’s position at all times.
B. would fail to locate the car’s position.
C. would still work out the best route to follow.
D. would seek help from the radio receiver linked to it.
5. Of the following functions, which is NOT possessed by the navigation computer?
A. Showing a map of the region a driver plans to drive through
B. Predicting a car crash on the road.
C. Getting information about road construction, weather conditions, and traffic jams.
D. Showing the car’s position at all times and displaying it on the map.
答案及解析：
1．文章主题分析：computers in cars
You’re far from home on a lonely road. Shadowy forests ... A thick mist (雾) ...
… Night is closing in. and you’re low on gasoline.
This is a situation where an in-car computer that can navigate would be a big help.
2. 直接看题，抓住提干中的被选项中所提示的信息。
1.By describing a typical situation of a lost driver on the road, the author intend to ____.
A. make us believe how complex the highway computer network is.近
B. let us know how in-ca computers are linked to road signs *
C. show us how helpful a navigation computer would be –与文章主题最接近
D. tell us that NAVSTAR has come into use.
题目分析：细节题。问题问及目的，可能需要考生进行推断/归纳总结。
被选项分析：（注意结合文章主题—文章标题）判断C最可能是答案。
C．解题分析：借助题干中的核心词（黑体文字）作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
You’re far from home on a lonely road. Shadowy forests stretch away on both sides. A thick mist (雾) makes it difficult to see far beyond your car’s windshield (挡风玻璃).
“Can this be route 90A?” you wonder. If it is, you should be near a town. Yet there’s no hint of one. （与题干内容呼应）Night is closing in. and you’re low on gasoline.
This is a situation where an in-car computer that can navigate would be a big help. （直接答案相关句）
考点分析：总结概括句/复杂结构句。
补充：
close in v.包围, 封闭
low adj. 缺钱的，接近完全耗尽的, 不足的, 贬值的, 贬低的：
e.g. My savings account is low.我的存款几乎用完了
e.g. low on supplies供应不足
e.g. have a low opinion of his qualities对他的素质的低的评价
2. The word “ navigate” in Paragraph 3 means ___.
A. help one control the traffic
B. help one find one’s way
C. give a ship correct information about its course *
D. direct a plane to its destination *
题目分析：细节题。问题问某个单词的含义，可能需要考生借助上下文或搭配结构进行判断。
被选项分析：（注意结合文章主题—文章标题）判断C，D不可能是答案。
B．解题分析：找到包含“ navigate”的句子，借助上文语意（或解答上一题所获取的对文章的理解）直接判断答案B。
This is a situation where an in-car computer that can navigate would be a big help.
考点： 文章中核心词词义的确认。
3. The navigation computers have one thing in common: they all ___.
A. contain series of maps on videodiscs （录象盘）or videotapes
B. contain 13,300 maps covering the continental US
C. can be obtained free of charge *
D. cost a lot of money *
题目分析：细节题。问题问及文章的内容主体“navigation computers”的共同点，可能需要考生进行推断。
被选项分析：（借助常识判断）判断C，D不可能是答案。
A．解题分析：利用“navigation computers”作为答案线索，注意题干中的修饰词“all”这样在文章中找到答案相关句：
A car computer that navigates? Yes! Such computers exists. Several experimental models are being tested by General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, and several foreign car markets. These computers vary in details. But they all contains series of maps on Vediodiscs or videotapes. For example, one computer system contains 13,300 maps covering the continental US.
考点：考察代词（These （computers））的指代内容。
4. Without signals from navigation satellites, the in-car computer ___.
A. would still be able to locate the car’s position at all times.
B. would fail to locate the car’s position.
C. would still work out the best route to follow.
D. would seek help from the radio receiver linked to it.
题目分析：细节题。
被选项分析：A和B是正反义项，重点注意。
B．解题分析：利用“navigation satellites”作为答案线索，这样在文章中找到答案相关句：
Before starting out on a trip, a driver can type in the code for the region he or she plans to drive through. The computer then shows a map of that region. At the same time, a tiny radio receiver linked to the computer goes to work. It picks up signals from navigation satellites such as the NAVSTAR network. Using these signals, the computer shows a the car’s position at all times and displays this position on the map. The computer can also calculate and display the best route to follow.
A navigation computer may also receive and use data about road construction, weather conditions, and traffic jams. This information would be displayed to the driver and the computer would also use the information to work out alternate (交替的) routes.
Most cars nowadays also contain computers that help cars run more efficiently. Microprocessors (微处理机的) control certain engine functions by regulating the mixing of fuel. Data on car speed, oil pressure, revolutions per minute, engine temperature, and fuel level can be displayed as digital data (numbers) or warming lights.
考点：考察考生的推断总结能力。
补充：
pick up : v. 拿起用手拿起（某物）, 承载（客人，货物等）, 学得通过学习或经历获得（知识）
e.g. pick up a book.捡起一本书
e.g. The bus picks up passengers at three stops.公共汽车在三个站载送乘客。
e.g. pick up French very quickly. 很快地掌握法语
pick and choose 很细心地挑选
pick holes in v. 挑剔在…寻找或发现一个或几个错误：
e.g. pick holes in the argument在论据中找错
work out v. 通过工作或努力完成, 解决, 制定出,
e.g. worked out the equations解出方程式
e.g. work out a plan. 制定计划
at work v. 忙于劳动；在工作, 在实行中,
e.g. Im at work on a new project now. 我现在正忙于一个新工程
e.g. Inflationary forces at work in the economy. 在经济领域中通货膨胀的作用
out of work: (=without a job; unemployed) 没有工作的；未被雇用的
5. Of the following functions, which is NOT possessed by the navigation computer?
A. Showing a map of the region a driver plans to drive through
B. Predicting a car crash on the road. *
C. Getting information about road construction, weather conditions, and traffic jams.
D. Showing the car’s position at all times and displaying it on the map.
题目分析：细节题（是非题）。
被选项分析：B违背常识，判断其可是答案。
B．解题分析：利用被选项中的核心词作为答案线索，这样在文章中找到答案相关句：
Before starting out on a trip, a driver can type in the code for the region he or she plans to drive through. The computer then shows a map of that region. （与A呼应）At the same time, a tiny radio receiver linked to the computer goes to work. It picks up signals from navigation satellites such as the NAVSTAR network. Using these signals, the computer shows a the car’s position at all times and displays this position on the map.（与D呼应） The computer can also calculate and display the best route to follow.
A navigation computer may also receive and use data about road construction, weather conditions, and traffic jams.（与C呼应）
考点： 当文章内容上涉及较多细节时，可能会出现要求考生直接查找和确认细节的题。
文章中相关的其他词语和句子：
Most cars nowadays also contain computers that help cars run more efficiently. Microprocessors (微处理机的) control certain engine functions by regulating the mixing of fuel.
Some auto designers suggest that a central computer display can be used to clearly present such timely information as car speed and fuel level.
Warning lights would indicate a drop in oil pressure or a sudden rise in engine
emperature.
To get more information on these conditions, the driver would call it up on the computer display screen.
Call for: v. 要求；需要
e.g. work that calls for patience.需要耐心的工作
call forth v. 唤起，振奋
e.g. a love song that calls forth sad memories.
一首引起我悲伤回忆的爱情歌曲
call up: v. 唤起, 使人忆起, 使出现：
e.g. stories that call up old times.使人怀旧的故事
call upon v. 命令；要求：
e.g. I call upon you to tell the truth. 我要求你说真话
When（it is） needed, the computer could be “asked” to provide navigation aid or information about the car’s condition. | |
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Passage 2
The net cost of making a name for yourself
Companies are paying up $10,000 to register a domain name on the Internet even though there is no guarantee that they will get the name they want.
The task of registering domains ending in .com, .org., edu. And .net is at present contracted out by the US government to the Virginia-based company Network Solutions. The contract runs out this year, and the government wants to bring in a different scheme.
But last year, an ad hoc committee of the Internet’s great and good revealed its own plan. This involved setting up seven new domains, each indicating the kind of business or organization using that name. The committee recruited 88 companies around the world to act as registrars for its .firm, .ship, .web, .arts, .rec, .info and .nom domains. The US government has still to give the system its blessing, and may yet push ahead with its original scheme. Despite this, the 88 registrars have been taking applications for several months. They are due to start registering names this month with the Internet Council of registrars, which grew out of the ad hoc committee.
To prevent conflicting names from being registered, the council will take one name from each registrar in turn before going back for the second name in their queues, and so on. This has led to a flourishing trade, with companies trying to buy a place near the head of the queue. Global Names of Singapore is charging $10,000 to make sure request for a name is the first one it sends off to the central database. Other registrars are charging nonrefundable deposits for places at the top of the queue. David Maher, chairman of the Policy Oversight Committee that is helping to set up and oversee the system, says that all registrars are subject to local laws regarding consumer protection and competition. But he says that the committee “will not act as an enforcement body in this area.”
1. The domain name “.edu” is operated by
A) the US government
B) the company Network Solutions
C) Internet Council of Registrars
D)Both A and B
2. the .firm, .ship, .web, .arts, .rec, .info and .nom domains are NOT run by
A) a temporary committee organized by Internet’s influential services
B) The US government.
C) 88 registrars
D) Internet Council of Registrars
3. Global Names of Singapore is
A) a company which applies for a name on the Internet
B) a registrar
C) a company under the supervision of Policy Oversight Committee
D) the central database
4. How can a company successfully register a name with the Internet?
A) It must pay up to $10,000 or a nonrefundable deposit.
B) Its application must be the first one at the top of the registration queue.
C) It must get approval from the Policy Oversight Committee.
D) Both A and B.
5. What is the meaning of the phrases “net cost” in the title?
A) The amount of money covering the basics.
B) The registration fee for a domain name on the Internet.
C) The amount of money for the construction of a network in a company.
D) The amount of money paid to the Internet service annually
答案及解析
1．文章标题分析：The net cost of making a name for yourself
借助文章开头的相关语句，进一步了解文章的标题/文章中心：
Companies are paying up $10,000 to register a domain name（域名） on the Internet even though there is no guarantee that they will get the name they want.
补充：
pay back v. 报复 (= pay off, pay out, serve out) , 偿还；偿付
e.g. How can I pay you back for all your kindness?
你的这番好意我该怎么报答呢?
pay off v.还清；报复；结清工资解雇（某人）
pay up v.（不情愿地）付清；还清（债务）
Domain n.领土, 领地, (活动、学问等的)范围, 领域
近义词：field， sphere
2．直接看问题句及备选项，注意它们在句意，用词及结构上的特点。
1. The domain name “.edu” （特征词/线索词）is operated by （核心结构）___.
A) the US government
B) the company Network Solutions
C) Internet Council of Registrars
D)Both A and B
题目分析：细节题（是非题）。
被选项分析：重点主题A和B这两个选项是否在文章中出现，它们与问题的关系。
B．解题分析：：借助题干中的答案线索（.edu），这样直接找到答案相关句，分析句意确认答案B。
The task of registering domains ending in .com, .org., edu. and .net is at present contracted out （解答问题的关键结构）by the US government (与A有关) to the Virginia-based company Network Solutions (与B有关). The contract runs out this year, （该结构可帮助了解“contracted out”的含义）and the government wants to bring in a different scheme.
考点：考察特殊短语（contracted out）的含义。
补充：
run out v.跑出, 离开, 完成, 被用完
bring in v.生产, 介绍引进
比较：bring into v.使开始
bring into action v.使开始行动
2. the .firm, .ship, .web, .arts, .rec, .info and .nom domains （线索结构）are NOT run （关键词/核心词）by ___.
A) a temporary committee organized by Internet’s influential services
B) The US government.
C) 88 registrars（注册处）
D) Internet Council of Registrars
题目分析：细节题（是非题）。这类题可能往往需要考生进行推断/判断。
被选项分析：同时可利用各被选项中的核心词作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句。
B．解题分析：借助题干中的答案线索，这样直接找到答案相关句：
But last year, an ad hoc （专门的）committee of the Internet’s great and good （头面人物）（与A有关）revealed its own plan. This involved setting up seven new domains, each indicating the kind of business or organization using that name. The committee （指代：an ad hoc （专门的）committee of the Internet’s great and good （头面人物））recruited 88 companies （与C有关）around the world to act as registrars for its.firm, .ship, .web, .arts, .rec, .info and .nom domains. （可见88 registrars参与了.firm, .ship, .web, .arts, .rec, .info and .nom domains的经营）The US government has still to give the system its blessing, and may yet push ahead with its original scheme. Despite this, the 88 registrars have been taking applications for several months. They are due to start registering names this month with the Internet Council of registrars, which grew out of the ad hoc committee.（可见D也与.firm, .ship, .web, .arts, .rec, .info and .nom domains的经营有关系）
考点：考察考生的推断和判断能力。往往在句意关系复杂的句子上出题。
补充：
involve vt（常与in连用）牵涉, 包括, 使陷入
e.g. Dont involve other people in your trouble.别把别人牵涉进你的麻烦中去。
e.g. This lesson involves a lot of work. 这一课需要做的工作有很多。
due adj（常与to连用）欠的；应给的; 预定的，欠债的；欠付的：
e.g. Our thanks are due to him. 我们要感谢他。
e.g. Their plane is due in 15 minutes. 他们的飞机预定在15分钟后到达
e.g. the amount still due.欠付的款额
Blessing n祝福；祈福，批准；鼓励
e.g. Father gave his blessing to our holidays plans. 父亲同意了我们度假的计划。
Which:
e.g. The movie which was shown later was better.后来上映的电影较好看
e.g. He left early, which was wise.他早早地离开，那是很明智的
e.g. Choose which you like best.选你最喜欢的
3. Global Names of Singapore（线索结构） is ___.
A) a company which applies for a name on the Internet
B) a registrar
C) a company under the supervision of Policy Oversight Committee
D) the central database
题目分析：细节题
被选项分析：同时可利用各被选项中的核心词作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句。
B．解题分析：借助题干中的答案线索（黑体词），这样直接找到答案相关句：
分析：借助题干中的答案线索，这样直接找到答案相关句：
Global Names of Singapore is charging $10,000 to make sure request for a name is the first one it sends off to the central database. Other registrars （Other registrars的出现肯定了Global Names of Singapore是一个“注册处”）are charging nonrefundable （不可归还的）deposits （定金）for places at the top of the queue.
考点：考察文章中的逻辑发展特点（词语上的呼应(some)..others(other)）
补充：that
e.g. She hoped that he would arrive on time. 她希望他按时到达。
引导跟随词 it作为动词主语的强调从句:
e.g. It is true that dental work is expensive.确实看牙很贵
e.g. I was sure that she was right我肯定她是对的
e.g. I love the book (that) he gave to me.
e.g. I love the book that is given to me by him.
4. How can a company successfully register （核心结构）a name with the Internet?
A) It must pay up to $10,000 or a nonrefundable deposit.（与上一题有关）
B) Its application must be the first one at the top of the registration queue.
C) It must get approval from the Policy Oversight Committee.
D) Both A and B.
题目分析：细节题
被选项分析：重点注意A和B中的出现的核心词（核心结构）。
A．解题分析：借助备选项中的核心词（结构作为线索），同时注意提干中的修饰词（successfully），这样发现答案相关句：
To prevent conflicting names from being registered, the council will take one name from each registrar in turn before going back for the second name in their queues, and so on. This has led to a flourishing trade, with companies trying to buy a place near the head of the queue. Global Names of Singapore is charging $10,000 to make sure request for a name is the first one it sends off to the central database. Other registrars are charging nonrefundable （不可归还的）deposits for places at the top of the queue. David Maher, chairman of the Policy Oversight Committee that is helping to set up and oversee the system,（该结构否定了C） says 。。
考点：考察考生的推断能力。
4. What is the meaning of the phrases “net cost” in the title?
A) The amount of money covering the basics.
B) The registration fee for a domain name on the Internet.（包含在前面文章中反复出现的核心词：registration， domain name， 因此猜测是答案。）
C) The amount of money for the construction of a network in a company.
D) The amount of money paid to the Internet service annually
题目分析：细节题。
被选项分析：结合文章中心词猜测答案为B。
B．解题分析：结合上题中提到的费用—用于支付网上注册登记费用，判断B是答案。也可根据net (cost)的搭配含义 “净成本”， 并结合文章中有关内容来判断答案。
考点：考察文章中关键词的含义。往往需要结合文章中相关内容来进行综合判断。
补充：
net n.网, 网络, 网状物, 净利, 实价
adj.净余的, 纯粹的
